Dead Yarn to Dye Site
Dd
Dead yarn
That portion of a yarn that is submerged in the backing of a textile fabric which does not contribute directly to aesthetics or wearability of the fabric.
Delamination
Separation of the secondary backing from the primary backing.
Delustering
The process of reducing the brightness of a synthetic fiber yarn or fabric, such as by adding chemicals or darker pigments to the dyes. This process helps minimize the appearance of soiling in the carpet.
Denier
A weight-per-unit-length measure of filament fibers or yarns. Denier is numerically equal to the weight in grams of 9,000 meters of fiber. Denier is a direct numbering system in which the lower numbers represent the finer sizes and the higher numbers the coarser sizes. The term is derived from the French silk industry, a denier was an old French silver coin. In the U.S., the denier system is used for numbering filament yarns and man-made fiber staple (but not spun yarns).
Density
A measure of mass per unit of volume. In the carpet world: the weight of pile yarn in a unit volume of carpet.
Differential Dyeability
Fibers which have different dye affinities combined together to produce multicolor carpet from a single dyeing.
Dimensional Stability
The ability of carpet to retain its size and shape once installed. Dimensional stability is obtained in tufted carpet by the application of a secondary back.
Doff
A set of full-size yarn packages produced by one filament extrusion (spinning) machine.
Drawing
- Stretching synthetic fiber after extrusion to align molecules. This process gives fibers greater tensile strength. This is done in synthetic fiber production after the molten fiber strands harden.
- Pulling and thinning of sliver (combed staple fiber strands) in the spinning of staple yarn prior to being spun into yarn.
Drop Match
A drop match is a pattern that repeats across the carpet diagonally or at a 45-degree angle to the edge of the seam.
Dye Lot
A quantity of carpet dyed at one time or made from yarn dyed at one time which is consistent in color throughout the fabric. Dye lot size varies with dye method and the capability of dyeing equipment.
Dye Methods
— Beck dyed
A method of batch dyeing carpet. A piece dye method. The carpet is sewn into a loop, then hung on a large reel in the dye beck unit which moves the carpet through the dye liquor. This process is continued for a set time and achieves excellent color uniformity throughout the carpet.— Continuous or "Kuster" dyed
A method of continuously dyeing carpet. A piece dye method. Kuster manufactures a continuous dye machine that is commonly used. Printing is another continuous dyeing process. Large lots of a single dye series are possible with continuous dyeing, but side- to- side color consistency should be verified.— Continuous solid color dyed
A process of dyeing singles or plied yarn using dye rolls. The application of dye is similar to continuous space dye process except that a single color is applied to the yarn. These solid color yarns can be tufted into multicolored carpets.— Package dyed
This is similar to skein dyeing inasmuch as undyed yarn is wound on perforated tubes and the packages are dyed by passing dye liquor through the packages under pressure.— Pad dyed
A process of dyeing carpet, yarn or fiber stock continuously. The material to be dyed passes through a trough containing the dye liquor and then between heavy rollers which squeeze the dye liquor evenly into the material.— Skein dyed
A method of dyeing yarn. Undyed spun or filament yarns are plied and heatset, then reeled into skein form and dyed in skein dye kettles.— Solution dyed
Pigment is added to the molten polymer from which the filaments are made. The fiber is extruded in colored form.— Space dyed
A method of dyeing yarn. Space dye refers to yarn with multiple colors printed on each strand. There are three basic processes used to create this effect: the warp system, the knit-de-knit process and the continuous dye process.
- In the warp system, multiple strands of yarn are continuously printed at spaced intervals with different colors. These yarns usually have “long” spaces of each color. Typical color lengths are 3/4”–7” with longer lengths becoming popular in carpets with strie aesthetics.
- In the knit-de-knit process, the yarn is first knitted into a tubular fabric (sock), dyed to a solid color and then overprinted with up to seven different colors. These yarns usually have “short” (1/8”–1/4”) spaces of color.
- In the continuous dye process, yarn is dyed as singles or plied yarn and color is applied either by air jet or dye troughs. This process allows for yarns to have either long or short spaces of color
Dye Site
Irregular, electrically charged area on a fiber surface that has an affinity for dye.
Carpet Industry Terms and Glossary
For your convenience, the following are terms and definitions relating to carpet manufacturing, arranged from A to Z.
